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Je retranscris ici l'article de Julio Blason tant je l'ai trouvé bien et important !
# Things I Learnt The Hard Way (in 30 Years of Software Development)
_34 minute read / Published: 2019-06-10_
This is a cynical, clinical collection of things I learnt in 30 years working with software development.
Again, some things are really cynical, others are long observations on different jobs.
## Software Development
### Spec first, then code
If you don't know what you're trying to solve, you don't know what to code.
Write something specifying how the application works before writing any code.
> "Without requirements or design, programming is the art of adding bugs to an empty text file." -- Louis Srygley
Sometimes, even an "elevator pitch" -- up to two paragraphs that describe what the application does -- is enough.
The times I stood longer looking at my own code wondering what to do next were when we didn't have the next step defined. It is a good sign that it's time to stop and discuss it with your coworkers -- or maybe rethink the solution.
### Write steps as comments
If you have no idea how to start, describe the flow of the application in high level, pure English/your language first. Then fill the spaces between comments with the code.
Better yet: think of every comment as a function, then write the function that does exactly that.
### Gherkin is your friend to understand expectations
Gherkin is a test description format which points "Given that the system is in a certain state, When something happens, then this is expected". Even if you don't use any testing tool that reads Gherkin, it will give you a good understanding of what it is expected from the app.
### Unit tests are good, integration tests are gooder
On my current job, we do test modules and classes only (for example, we write tests for the view layer only, then tests for the controller layer only, and so on). It gives us some idea if things are going right or not, but they lack a view of how the whole is going on -- a thing integration tests, which tests how the system as a whole behaves -- do better.
### Tests make better APIs
We code in layers: There is the storage layer, which should make our data permanent; there is a processing layer, which should do some transformation on the data stored; there is a view layer, which has information on how the data must be present; and so on.
As I mentioned, integration tests feel better, but testing layers by themselves can give you a better view on how their API looks like. Then you can have a better look on how to call things: Is the API too complex? Do you have to keep to much data around to be able to make a single call?
### Make tests that you know how to run on the command line
Not that command lines are important for any projects, but when you know the command to run the tests, you know how to automate the execution of the tests, which you then can use in a continuous integration tool.
### Be ready to throw your code away
A lot of people, when they start with TDD, get annoyed when you say that you may have to rewrite a lot of stuff, including whatever your already wrote.
TDD was designed to throw code away: The more you learn about your problem, the more you understand that, whatever you wrote, won't solve the problem in the long run.
You shouldn't worry about this. Your code is not a wall: if you have to throw it always, it is not wasted material. Surely it means your time writing code was lost, but you got a better understanding about the problem now.
### Good languages come with integrated tests
You can be sure that if a language brings a testing framework -- even minimal -- in its standard library, the ecosystem around it will have better tests than a language that doesn't carry a testing framework, no matter how good the external testing frameworks for the language are.
### Future thinking is future trashing
When developers try to solve a problem, they sometimes try to find a way that will solve all the problems, including the ones that may appear in the future.
But here is the thing: The problems from the future will never come and you'll end up either having to maintain a huge behemoth of code that will never be fully used or you'll end up rewriting the whole thing 'cause there is a shitton of unused stuff.
Solve the problem you have right now. Then solve the next one. And the next one. At one point, you'll realize there is a pattern emerging from those solutions and then you'll find your "solve everything".
### Documentation is a love letter to your future self
We all know writing the damn docs for functions and classes and modules is a pain in the backside. But realizing what you were thinking when you wrote the function will save your butt in the future.
### The function documentation is its contract
When you start the code by writing the documentation, you're actually making a contract (probably with your future self): I'm saying this function does this and this is what it does.
If later you find out that the code doesn't match the documentation, you have a code problem, not a documentation problem.
### If a function description includes an "and", it's wrong
Functions should do one thing and one thing only. When you're writing the function documentation and find that you added an "and", it means the function is doing more than one thing. Break that function into two and remove the "and".
### Don't use Booleans as parameters
When you're designing a function, you may be tempted to add a flag. Don't do this.
Here, let me show you an example: Suppose you have a messaging system and you have a function that returns all the messages to an user, called getUserMessages. But there is a case where you need to return a summary of each message (say, the first paragraph) or the full message. So you add a flag/Boolean parameter called retrieveFullMessage.
Again, don't do that.
'Cause anyone reading your code will see getUserMessage(userId, true) and wonder what the heck that true means.
You can either rename the function to getUserMessageSummaries and have another getUserMessagesFull or something around those lines, but each function just call the original getUserMessage with true or false -- but the interface to the outside of your class/module will still be clear.
But don't add flags/Boolean parameters to your functions.
### Beware of interface changes
In the point above, I mentioned about renaming the function. If you control the whole source where the function is used, that's not issue, it's just a matter of search and replace.
But if that function is actually exposed by a library, you shouldn't change function names in a whim. That will break a lot of other applications beyond your control and make a lot of other people unhappy.
You can create the new functions and mark the current one as deprecated, either by documentation or by some code feature. Then, after a few released, you can finally kill the original function.
(A dickish move you can do is to create the new functions, mark the current function as deprecated and add a sleep at the start of the function, in a way that people using the old function are forced to update.)
### Good languages come with integrated documentation
If the language comes with its own way of documenting functions/classes/modules/whatever and it comes even with the simplest doc generator, you can be sure that all the language functions/classes/modules/libraries/frameworks will have a good documentation (not great, but at least good).
Languages that do not have integrated documentation will, most of the time, have a bad documentation.
### A language is much more than a language
A programming language is that thing that you write and make things "go". But it has much more beyond special words: It has a build system, it has a dependency control system, it has a way of making tools/libraries/frameworks interact, it has a community, it has a way of dealing with people.
Don't pick languages just 'cause they easier to use. Always remember that you may approve the syntax of a language for being that easy, but you're also enabling the way maintainers deal with the community by choosing that language.
### Sometimes, it's better to let the application crash than do nothing
Although that sounds weird, it's better to not add any error handling than silently capturing errors and doing nothing.
A sadly common pattern in Java is
```java
try {
something_that_can_raise_exception()
} catch (Exception ex) {
System.out.println(ex);
}
```
This does nothing to deal with the exception -- besides printing it, that is.
If you don't know how to handle it, let it happen,so you can figure out when it will happen.
### If you know how to handle the issue, handle it
Counter-point to the previous point: If you know when something will raise an exception/error/result and you know how to handle it, handle it. Show an error message, try to save the data somewhere else, capture the user input in a log file to later processing, but handle it.
### Types say what you data is
Memory is just a sequence of bytes; bytes are just numbers from 0 to 255; what those numbers mean is described on the language type system.
For example, in C, a char type of value 65 is most probably the letter "A", which an int of value is 65 is the number 65.
Remember this when dealing with your data.
This is what most people get wrong about adding booleans to check the number of True values. Here, let me show you an example of JavaScript that I saw recently:
```javascript
console.log(true+true === 2);
> true
console.log(true === 1);
> false
```
### If your data has a schema, use a structure to keep it
You may be tempted to use a list (or tuple, if your language allows) to keep your data if it's simple -- like, say, only 2 fields.
But if you data has a schema -- it has a fixed format -- you should always use some structure to keep it, but it a struct or a class.
### Understand and stay way of cargo cult
"Cargo cult" is the idea that, if someone else did, so can we. Most of the time, cargo cult is simply an "easy way out" of a problem: Why would we think about how to properly store our users if X did that?
"If BigCompany stores data like this, so can we".
"If BigCompany is behind this, this is good."
### "Right tool for the job" is just to push an agenda
"Right tool for the job" should be an expression that meant that there is a right and a wrong tool to do something -- e.g., using a certain language/framework instead of the current language/framework.
But every time I heard someone mention it, they were trying to push their favourite language/framework instead of, say, the right language/framework.
### "The right tool" is more obvious than you think
Maybe you're in a project that needs to process some text. Maybe you're tempted to say "Let's use Perl" 'cause you know that Perl is very strong in processing text.
What you're missing: You're working on a C shop. Everybody knows C, not Perl.
Sure, if it is a small, "on the corner" kind of project, it's fine to be in Perl; if it is important for the company, it's better that if it is a C project.
PS: Your hero project (more about it later in this doc) may fail due this.
### Don't mess with things outside your project
Sometimes people are tempted to, instead of using the proper extension tools, change external libraries/frameworks -- for example, making changes directly into WordPress or Django.
This is an easy way to make the project unmaintainable really really fast. As soon as a new version is released, you'll have to keep up your changes in sync with the main project and, pretty soon, you'll find that the changes don't apply anymore and you'll leave the external project in an old version, full of security bugs.
### Data flows beat patterns
(This is personal opinion) When you understand how the data must flow in your code, you'll end up with better code than if you applied a bunch of design patterns.
### Design patterns are used to describe solutions, not to find them
(Again, personal opinion) Most of the time I saw design patterns being applied, they were applied as a way to find a solution, so you end up twisting a solution -- and, sometimes, the problem it self -- to fit the pattern.
First, solve your problem; find a good solution; then you can check the patterns to know how you name that solution.
I saw this happens a lot: We have this problem; a design pattern gets close to the proper solution; let's use the design pattern; now we need to add a lot of things around the proper solution to make it fit the pattern.
### Learn the basics functional programming
You don't need to go deep into "what is a monad" and "is this a functor". But remember to not keep changing your data all the time, create a new element with the new values (treat your data as immutable) and make functions/classes that don't keep some internal state (pure functions/classes) if possible.
### Cognitive Cost is the readability killer
"[Cognitive dissonance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_dissonance)" is a fancy way of saying "I need to remember two (or more) different things at the same time to understand this." Keeping those different things in your head creates a cost and it keeps accumulating the more indirect the things are ('cause you'll have to keep all those in your head).
For example, adding booleans to count the number of True values is a mild cognitive dissonance; if you're reading a piece of code and see a sum() function, which you know makes the sum of all numbers in a list, you'd expect the list to be composed of numbers, but I've seen people using sum() to count number of True values in a list of booleans, which is confusing as heck.
### The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two
"[The magical number](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Magical_Number_Seven,_Plus_or_Minus_Two)" is a psychology article about the number of things one can keep in their mind at the same time.
If you have a function, that calls a function, that calls a function, that calls a function, that calls a function, that calls function, you may be sure it will be a hell to read later.
Think more about: I'll get the result of this function, then pass it to the second function, get its result, pass to the third an so on.
But:
1. Today, psychologists talk more about the magical number FOUR, not seven.
2. Think function composition (as in "I'll call that function, then that function, then that function..."), not function calling (as in "That function will call that function, that will call that function...").
### Shortcuts are nice, but only in the short run
A lot of languages/libraries/frameworks add a way to make things shorter, reducing the number of things you need to type.
But, later, that will bite you and you'll have to remove the shortcut and do the long things.
So learn what the shortcut does before using it.
You don't need to write things the hard way first and then clean up using the shortcuts: All you need to do is what the shortcut does in the background, so you at least have knowledge of what can go wrong using it, or how to replace it with the non-shortcut version.
### Resist the temptation of "easy"
Sure that IDE will help you with a ton of autocomplete stuff and let you easily build your project, but do you understand what's going on?
Do you understand how your build system works? If you had to run it without the IDE, would you know how?
Can you remember your function names without autocomplete? Isn't there a way to break/rename things to make them easier to understand?
Be curious about what goes behind the curtains.
### ALWAYS use timezones with your dates
When dealing with dates, always always add the timezone with it. There will be always a problem with your computer timezone and the production server timezone (or one of the instances timezones) and you'll lose a lot of time trying to debug what the heck the interface is showing the wrong time.
### ALWAYS use UTF-8
The same problem you'll have with dates, you'll have with character encoding. So always convert your strings to UTF8; save them in the database as UTF8; return UTF8 on your APIs.
(You may convert to any other encoding, but UTF8 won the encoding wars, so it is easier to keep it this way.)
### Start stupid
One way to get away from the IDE is to "start stupid": Just get the compiler and get an editor (ANY editor) with code highlight and do your thing: Code, build it, run it.
No, it's not easy. But when you jump into some IDE, you'll think of buttons of simply "Yeah, it runs that" (which is exactly what IDEs do, by the way.)
### Logs are for events, not user interface
For a long time, I used logs to show the user whatever was happening -- 'cause, you know, it's a lot easier to use a single thing instead of two.
Use the standard output to inform the user of events, standard err to inform the user about errors but use logs to capture something that you can later process easily.
Think about logs of something you'll have to parse to extract some information at that time, not user interface; it doesn't have to be human-readable.
### Debuggers are over-rated
I heard a lot of people complaining that code editors that don't come with debugging are terrible, exactly because they don't come with debugging.
But when your code is in production, you can't run your favorite debugger. Heck, you can't even run your favourite IDE. But logging... Logging runs everywhere. You may not have the information you want at the time of the crash (different logging levels, for example) but you can enable logging to figure out something later.
(Not saying debuggers are bad, they just not as helpful as most people would think.)
### Always use a Version Control System
"This is my stupid application that I just want to learn something" is not even a good excuse to not use a version control system.
If you start using a VCS right from the start, it will be easier to roll back when you do something stupid.
### One commit per change
I've seen people writing commit messages like "Fixes issues #1, #2 and #3". Unless all those issues are duplicates -- in which two of those should be already closed -- they should be 3 commits, not one.
Try to keep a change in a single commit (and by change I don't mean "one file change"; if a change requires changes in three files, you should commit those three files together. Think "if I revert this back, what must go away?")
### "git add -p" is your friend when you overchange
(Git topic only) Git allows merging a file partially with "-p". This allows you to pick only the related changes and leave the other behind -- probably for a new commit.
### Organize projects by data/type, not functionality
Most projects keep an organization like:
```console
.
+-- IncomingModels
| +-- DataTypeInterface
| +-- DataType1
| +-- DataType2
| +-- DataType3
+-- Filters
| +-- FilterInterface
| +-- FilterValidDataType2
+-- Processors
| +-- ProcessorInterface
| +-- ConvertDataType1ToDto1
| +-- ConvertDataType2ToDto2
+-- OutgoingModels
+-- DtoInterface
+-- Dto1
+-- Dto2
```
in other words, they keep data organized by functionality (all the incoming models are in the same directory/package, all the filters are in the same directory/package and so on).
This is fine and works. But when you organize by data, it'll make a lot easier to split your project in smaller projects -- 'cause, at some point, you may want to do almost the same thing as you're doing right now, but with small differences.
```console
.
+-- Base
| +-- IncomingModels
| | +-- DataTypeInterface
| +-- Filters
| | +-- FilterInterface
| +-- Processors
| | +-- ProcessorInterface
| +-- OutgoingModels
| +-- DtoInterface
+-- Data1
| +-- IncomingModels
| | +-- DataType1
| +-- Processors
| | +-- ConvertDataType1ToDto1
| +-- OutgoingModels
| +-- Dto1
...
```
Now you can make a module that deals only with Data1, another that works only with Data2 and so on. And then you can break them into isolated modules.
And then when you have another project that also have Data1 but also deals with Data3, you can reuse most of the stuff in the Data1 module.
### Create libraries
I've seen a lot of projects that either make a mega repository with different projects or keep different branches that instead of just being a temporary environment for later joining the main development area, are just to keep that small, different thing going (picking the point above about modularization, imagine that instead of building a new project that reuse the Data1 type, I have a branch that has a completely different main function and the Data3 type).
Why not split the common parts into libraries and require it in different projects?
The reason is, most of the time, 'cause people don't know how to either create libraries or they worry how they are goint to "publish" those libraries into the dependency sources without giving it around (so maybe it's a good idea to also understand how your project management tool retrieves dependencies, so you can create your own dependency repository).
### Learn to monitor
On a previous life, to understand how a system behaved, I added a ton of metrics: how fast things were going in, how fast things were going out, how many things were in the middle, how many the job processed...
It gives a really good view of how a system is behaving. Is the speed going down? If it is, I can check what is going into the system to understand why. Is it normal going down at some point?
Thing is, after this, it is really weird trying to figure out how "healthy" a system without any monitoring is after that. Checking a system health with just "Is it answering requests" doesn't fly anymore.
Adding monitoring early will help you understand how your system behaves.
### The config file is friend
Imagine you wrote a function that you have to pass a value for it to start processing (say, a twitter user account id). But then you have to do that with two values and you just call the function again with the other value.
It makes more sense to use a config file and just run the application twice with two different config files.
### Command line options are weird, but helpful
If you move things to config files, you could also help your users by adding an option to select the config file and expose it.
There are libraries to handling command line options for every language today, which will help you into building a good command line and giving your users a standard interface for everything.
### Not just function composition, but application composition
Unix came with the idea of "applications that do one thing and do it well".
Now, I said you could use one application with two config files, but what if you need the result of both applications?
That's when you can write an application that reads the results of the first one with both config files) and turn into a single result.
### Even for app composition, start stupid
Application composition may lead to microservices -- which is good -- but microservices require some ideas about how applications "talk" between them over the wire (protocols and such).
You don't need to start with that. Both applications can write and read from files, which is way easier.
Worry about talking over the wire later, when you understand how networks work.
### Optimization is for compilers
Let's say you need more performance. You may be tempted to look at your code and thing "where I can squeeze a little bit more performance here" or "How can I remove a few cycles here to get more speed".
Well, guess what? Compilers know how to do that. Smarted compilers can even delete your code 'cause it will always generate the same result.
What you need to do is think a better design for your code, not how to improve the current code.
Code is humans to read. ALWAYS. Optimization is what compilers do. So find a smarted way to explain what you're trying to do (in code) instead of using shorter words.
### By lazy (evaluated)
A long time ago, a small language made the rounds by not evaluating expressions when they appeared, but when they were needed.
Lisp did this a long time ago, and now most languages are getting it too.
For example, Python have the yield statement, which will stop the execution of the current function and return the value immediately, yielding a new value only when the function is called again. If you chain functions that keep yielding results, you won't need as much memory as functions that keep returning lists.
On a Team/Work
### Code reviews are not for style
Take your time on code reviews to point architectural or design problems, not code style problems. Nobody really likes the person whose code reviews are only "you left blanks in this line" or "missing space before parenthesis" and such.
Now, if you do find architectural or design problems, then you can add your code style problems.
### Code formatting tools are ok, but they are no silver bullet
One thing a team may be tempted to do to avoid discussing style in code reviews is to use a code formatting tool to auto-format code before committing.
Now yeah, that kinda solves the problem, but there is one small problem: we, humans, are not as flexible to read code as computers are; what is readable by a computer may not be readable by a human. Surely they try to create some heuristics on what is good for human reading, but that doesn't mean it gets right.
If you do use a code formatting tool, use it to find out where it changes the code the most; you probably need to simplify that part of the code to avoid it messing so much.
### Code style: Follow it
If your project have a defined code style, you must follow it. Sometimes it may not be clear ("this struct/class should be singular or plural"?), but do your best to follow it.
... unless that code style is the Google Code style
(Totally personal opinion, feel free to disagree) Every freaking time Google comes with their own coding style, it's a garbage fire. The community came with a better style way before and Google seem to come with a style with high contrasting parts just to call it theirs.
There is only one coding style for C/C++: K&R
(Totally personal opinion again) Every other coding style is WRONG. :)
There is only one coding style for Python: PEP8
The community (most of it) writes code in PEP8. Follow it and your code smoothly integrate with the rest of the ecosystem.
### Explicit is better than implicit
You know what's one of the worst function names ever? sleep().
Sleep for how long? It is seconds or milliseconds?
Be explicit with what you use; sleepForSecs and sleepForMs are not perfect, but are better than sleep.
(Think about this when you're writing your app command line interface or its config file.)
(I could throw the whole "Zen of Python" here, but I'm trying to focus on personal, direct experience.)
### Companies look for specialists but keep generalists longer
If you know a lot about one single language, it may make it easier to get a job, but in the long run, language usage dies and you'll need to find something else. Knowing a bit about a lot of other languages helps in the long run, not to mention that may help you think of better solutions.
> "A language that doesn't affect the way you think about programming, is not worth knowing." -- Alan Perlis
For a long time, I kept a simple programming rule: The language I'm playing at home should not be the same language I'm using at work. This allowed me to learn new things that later I applied in the work codebase.
I learnt how generics work in Java by writing Rust code; I understood how Spring does dependency injection by reading how to do it in C++.
### Think of the users
Think how the data you're collecting from your users will be used -- this is more prevalent on these days, where "privacy" is a premium.
If you capture any used data, remember to protect it against unauthorized use.
The best secure way to deal with user data is not to capture it
You can be sure that, at some point, the data will leak, either by some security flaw or human interference.
If you don't capture any user data -- or store it in anonymized way -- you won't have any problems.
### Keep a record of "stupid errors that took me more than 1 hour to solve"
I tried but never managed to create a list of stupid errors I kept finding that took more than 1 hour to solve it, which were simply "forgot to add dependency" or "add annotation", mostly because there was more than once that I kept fighting some stupid error for more than 1 hour.
But you should try to keep a list of stupid errors that took you 1 hour to solve, 'cause later you can use it to not stay more than 1 hour to solve some stupid error.
### If it doesn't run on your computer, you have a problem
I've seen a lot of systems that would never run on a isolated computer, like the developer tool, 'cause the system requires running on a specialized environment.
This is something that really kills productivity.
If your system will run on a specialized environment -- and I'm including "the cloud" here -- look for something that can abstract whatever you're using. For example, if you're using AWS SQS, which is a queue, look for a library that can abstract the way a queue works so you can also run with RabbitMQ, which can be easily run on your own computer.
If you're using a very specialized thing, you may have to write the abstraction yourself, isolating it from the main system, so you can develop the main product in peace.
Personal
### When it's time to stop, it's time to stop
Learn when you can't code anymore. Learn when you can't process things anymore. Don't push beyond that, it will just make things worse in the future.
I tried to keep coding once when I had a migraine (not strong, but not mild). Next day, when I was better, I had to rewrite most of the stuff I did, 'cause it was all shit.
### Code of conduct protect you, not them
When you're beginning with any language/library/framework, check their CoC; they will protect you from being harassed for not immediately getting what is going on instead of blocking you from telling them what you think.
I'm mentioning this 'cause a lot of people complain about CoC, but they forget that they allow them to join in any project without being called "freaking noob" or "just go read the docs before annoying us".
Also, remember that most people that are against CoCs are the ones that want to be able to call names on everyone.
### Learn to say no
Sometimes, you'll have to say no: No, I can't do it; no, it can't be made in this time; no, I don't feel capable of doing this; no, I don't feel comfortable writing this.
Once I had to say to our CTO: "Ok, I'll do it, but I want to note that I don't agree with what we are doing." In the end, the app was barred exactly because the thing we were doing.
You're responsible for the use of your code
This is hard. Very very hard. It's the difference between "freedom" and "responsibility".
There is nothing wrong in writing, for example, a software to capture people's faces and detect their ethnicity, but you have to think about what that will be used on.
### Don't tell "It's done" when it's not
You are tired of running the same thing over and over again. You kinda remember that something weird may happen, but because you're tired, you tell everyone that "It's finished".
Don't do that.
Someone will try that weird case on the first run and immediately tell you that it is not working.
### You'll learn about yourself the hard way
We get frustrated with code that doesn't compile. We get angry with customers asking things back and forth.
And we lash out on other when that happens.
And that will get you in trouble.
It happens.
### People get pissed/annoyed about code/architecture because they care
You'll find yourself in the other side of the coin: You'll describe some solution and people will seem annoyed/pissed about some solution.
When people care about a product/code, they do that.
"Yeah, you don't like that hushed solution 'cause you care" was one of the nicest things someone told about myself.
### Learn from your troubles
You'll get annoyed, pissed, frustrated, and angry. You'll get you in trouble. You'll see people getting in trouble because of this kind of stuff.
You must learn about it. Don't ignore it.
One thing I learnt the hard way was that I get really aggressive when I'm frustrated. Now, when I notice I start to get frustrated, I ask help from someone else. It's really therapeutic to see that someone else also struggles with your problem, and that's not just you.
### Pay attention on how people react to you
I have a "angry man resting face" kind of face.
Sometimes I'll ask things and people will move a bit back -- like I'm telling them their solution is wrong.
That's when I have to add "I'm not saying it's wrong, I'm just confused".
That may help you to not get in trouble.
### Learn to recognize toxic people; stay away from them
You'll find people that, even if they don't small talk you, they will bad mouth everything else -- even some other people -- openly.
Stay away from those people.
You have no idea how that kind of attitude will drive you down.
### Beware of micro-aggressions
"Micro-aggressions" are aggressive comments in small doses. Like someone that keeps calling you "that person" or seemingly innocuous comments about your position in some policy.
Those are hard to fight, 'cause PR won't listen to you saying that they are attacking you. Also, they are hard to detect, 'cause they seem small enough, but they do pile up and you'll blow your anger all at once.
Better just stay away and avoid contact as possible.
### No, I don't think they are "fixable"
(Personal opinion) Someone could say "Hey, maybe if you spoke to that person, they would stop".
Personally, I don't think they would. This kind of stuff is going for so long to them that it feels natural and, most of the time, you're the wrong one (for not seeing that they are joking, for example, in true "Schrödinger's asshole" style.)
### Toxic/micro-aggressors are only fixable if they are YOU
Unless it's you realizing you're acting like a toxic person or micro-attacking someone, and realize that you're actually doing more harm than good being that way, there is no way to fix those traits (again, personal opinion).
...mostly 'cause hearing from someone else may feel "they are the ones against me!" to them.
### Hero Projects: You'll have to do it someday
An "hero project" is a project/spec change/framework that you personally think will solve a group of problems in your project. It could be a different architecture, a new framework or even a new language.
That means you'll spent your free time to write something that is already being worked/exists just to prove a point.
Sometimes it proves you where wrong.
(But you got something from it, nonetheless.)
### Don't confuse "hero project" with "hero syndrome"
I have seen this at least two times: Someone claims things don't work when they aren't around or that they don't need help.
This is "hero syndrome", the idea that that person is the only one capable of solving all the problems.
Don't be that person.
### Learn when to quit
You tell your boss that you didn't finish on time because something weird happened and he lashed out at you.
One of your coworkers is constantly micro-attacking you.
Another one is the guy that keeps doing stupid pranks, saying bullshit and small talking other groups all the time.
A third is always complaining that when he's not around, things don't work.
It's time to start sending your resume around, no matter how good the pay is or how awesome the project is.
... unless you want to be a constantly pissed off, annoyed person when you're in the forties.
### I.T. world is a very small egg
We have a expression here: "The world of something is a small egg", which means that you don't live in a large world; the world is small.
I.T. world is really small.
The person you work with today will find you again in 15 years after you both changed 3 or 4 jobs already.
And you'll meet a lot of other I.T. people in the way.
And they will talk about themselves.
And whatever you say/do will be talked around, which one person will hear and pass along another company, which will pass along other people, which will pass the story along to another company and, suddenly, when you realized, nobody will hire you locally 'cause everybody knows that time when you fucked up a project or punched a colleague in the face.
### Paper notes are actually helpful
I tried to become "paperless" many times. At some point, I did keep the papers away, but in the very end, it really do help to have a small notebook and a pen right next to you write that damn URL you need to send the data.
Trello is cool and all, but Post-its are nicer
Nothing says "I'm really busy, but organized" like having a bunch of post-its on your desk.
### Blogging about your stupid solution is still better than being quiet
You may feel "I'm not start enough to talk about this" or "This must be so stupid I shouldn't talk about it".
Create a blog. Post about your stupid solutions. They are still smarter than someone else's solution.
Also, come back later and fight your own solutions with better ones.
Show your growth.
On top of that, they help you keep small notes or things you need to do.
... but turn off the comments
One thing about posting your stupid solution is that it will attract people who just want to mess with you. "This is stupid", for example. "Your dumb" may someone say, unaware of who's actually dumb.
Turn it off. Don't let those people stop you.
### Post your stupid solution online
Don't keep a Github only for those "cool, almost perfect" projects. You're free to show that, at some point, you were a beginner.
You can always come back and improve your code.
(Or don't: I still have a public repo of my first Python project that looks like I just translated Java into Python, without the Pythonic part.)
### Keep a list of "Things I Don't Know"
Richard Feymann, famous physicist, kept a notebook with the title "Things I Don't Know".
When you find something that seems cool and you'd like to know more, create a file/note/whatever with it in the title. Then make notes about what you find/figure out.
Introduction
Comme vous le savez sûrement, il existe une légende sur internet congrue à l'arrivée de Maven 3 : il est possible d'écrire des pom en Yaml. Eh bien sachez que la chose n'est en rien une légende.
En effet, les versions Maven 3.x et supérieures recherchent - avant de lire le pom.xml - un fichier spécifique dans ./mvn/extensions.xml. Ce fichier va charger des extensions à Maven lui permettant de faire plus de choses.
L'idée est donc de demander à Maven de charger l'extension polyglot-yaml qui va ajouter à Maven la capacité d'interpréter du Yaml.
Mise en oeuvre
- À la racine de votre projet créez le répertoire ./mvn/
- Créez dans ce répertoire le fichier extensions.xml dont le contenu est le suivant :
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <extensions> <extension> <groupId>io.takari.polyglot</groupId> <artifactId>polyglot-yaml</artifactId> <version>0.2.1</version> </extension> </extensions> - Créez un fichier pom.yml à la racine de votre projet
- A titre d'exemple, voici un modèle de pom parent en Yaml :
modelEncoding: 'UTF-8'
modelVersion: '4.0.0'
groupId: 'com.enterprise.fivestars.fs'
artifactId: 'fs-project'
version: '1.0.0-SNAPSHOT'
packaging: 'pom'
name: '. ${project.artifactId} [${project.version}]'
properties:
## Project encoding
project.encoding: 'UTF-8'
project.build.sourceEncoding: '${project.encoding}'
project.reporting.outputEncoding: '${project.encoding}'
## Maven compiler
maven.compiler.source: '1.8'
maven.compiler.target: '${maven.compiler.source}'
## Kotlin compiler
kotlin.compiler.jvmTarget: '${maven.compiler.source}'
kotlin.source.directory: '${project.basedir}/src/main/kt'
kotlin.test.directory: '${project.basedir}/src/test/kt'
kotlin.version: '1.1.51'
## Loggers
logback.version: '1.1.7'
slf4j.version: '1.7.22'
modules:
- fs-domain
- fs-main
- fs-persistence
dependencyManagement:
dependencies:
## Project dependencies
- { groupId: '${project.groupId}' , artifactId: 'fs-project' , version: '${project.version}' }
- { groupId: '${project.groupId}' , artifactId: 'fs-domain' , version: '${project.version}' }
- { groupId: '${project.groupId}' , artifactId: 'fs-persistence' , version: '${project.version}' }
## Database - Driver & embedded DB
- { groupId: 'com.h2database' , artifactId: 'h2' , version: '1.4.195' }
## Database - Database migration
- { groupId: 'org.flywaydb' , artifactId: 'flyway-core' , version: '4.2.0' }
## Database - Connection Pool
- { groupId: 'com.zaxxer' , artifactId: 'HikariCP' , version: '2.7.2' }
## Database - Persistence framework
- { groupId: 'org.javalite' , artifactId: 'activejdbc' , version: '1.4.13.j7' }
## Dependencies Injection
- { groupId: 'org.codejargon.feather' , artifactId: 'feather' , version: '1.0' }
## Kotlin - JVM & Collection compliance
- { groupId: 'org.jetbrains.kotlin' , artifactId: 'kotlin-stdlib' , version: '${kotlin.version}' }
- { groupId: 'org.jetbrains.kotlin' , artifactId: 'kotlin-stdlib-jre8' , version: '${kotlin.version}' }
## Logger - Logging framework facad
- { groupId: 'org.slf4j' , artifactId: 'slf4j-api' , version: '${slf4j.version}' }
## Logger - Logging framework
- { groupId: 'ch.qos.logback' , artifactId: 'logback-classic' , version: '${logback.version}' }
## Testing dependencies
- { groupId: 'org.assertj' , artifactId: 'assertj-core' , version: '3.8.0' }
- { groupId: 'org.jetbrains.kotlin' , artifactId: 'kotlin-test' , version: '${kotlin.version}' }
- { groupId: 'org.junit.platform' , artifactId: 'junit-platform-runner' , version: '1.0.1' }
- { groupId: 'org.mockito' , artifactId: 'mockito-core' , version: '2.12.0' }
build:
pluginManagement:
plugins:
## Compiler - Java (Prevent its execution because of Kotlin)
- artifactId: 'maven-compiler-plugin'
groupId: 'org.apache.maven.plugins'
version: '3.6.2'
configuration:
compilerArgs: {arg: '-Werror'}
encoding: '${project.build.sourceEncoding}'
fork: true
debug: false
optimize: true
showDeprecation: true
showWarnings: true
source: '${maven.compiler.source}'
target: '${maven.compiler.target}'
executions:
- goals:
id: 'default-compile'
phase: 'none'
- goals:
id: 'default-testCompile'
phase: 'none'
- goals: ['compile']
id: 'java-compile'
phase: 'compile'
- goals: ['testCompile']
id: 'java-test-compile'
phase: 'compile'
## Compiler - Kotlin
- artifactId: 'kotlin-maven-plugin'
groupId: 'org.jetbrains.kotlin'
version: '${kotlin.version}'
configuration:
nowarn: false
jvmTarget: '${kotlin.compiler.jvmTarget}'
executions:
- goals: ['compile']
id: 'compile'
phase: 'compile'
configuration:
sourceDirs: [
'${kotlin.source.directory}'
]
- goals: ['test-compile']
id: 'test-compile'
phase: 'test-compile'
configuration:
sourceDirs: [
'${kotlin.test.directory}'
]
## ActiveJDBC - Enrich entities bytecode
- artifactId: 'activejdbc-instrumentation'
groupId: 'org.javalite'
version: '1.4.13.j7'
executions:
- goals: ['instrument']
id: 'enrich-entities'
phase: 'process-classes'
## Quality - JaCoCo (Code coverage)
- artifactId: 'jacoco-maven-plugin'
groupId: 'org.jacoco'
version: '0.7.9'
executions:
- goals:
id: 'prepare-agent'
inherited: true
- goals:
id: 'report'
inherited: true
phase: 'prepare-package'Et la même chose avec un pom enfant :
modelEncoding: 'UTF-8'
modelVersion: '4.0.0'
parent:
groupId: 'com.enterprise.fivestars.fs'
artifactId: 'fs-project'
version: '1.0.0-SNAPSHOT'
relativePath: '../pom.yml'
artifactId: 'fs-persistence'
packaging: 'jar'
name: '${project.artifactId}'
dependencies:
## Kotlin - JVM & Collection compliance
- { groupId: 'org.jetbrains.kotlin' , artifactId: 'kotlin-stdlib' , scope: 'compile' }
- { groupId: 'org.jetbrains.kotlin' , artifactId: 'kotlin-stdlib-jre8' , scope: 'compile' }
## Database - Database migration
- { groupId: 'org.flywaydb' , artifactId: 'flyway-core' , scope: 'compile' }
## Database - Driver & embedded DB
- { groupId: 'com.h2database' , artifactId: 'h2' , scope: 'compile' }
## Database - Connection Pool
- { groupId: 'com.zaxxer' , artifactId: 'HikariCP' , scope: 'compile' }
## Logger - Logging framework facade
- { groupId: 'org.slf4j' , artifactId: 'slf4j-api' , scope: 'compile' }
## Logger - Logging framework
- { groupId: 'ch.qos.logback' , artifactId: 'logback-classic' , scope: 'compile' }
## Testing dependencies
- { groupId: 'org.assertj' , artifactId: 'assertj-core' , scope: 'test' }
- { groupId: 'org.jetbrains.kotlin' , artifactId: 'kotlin-test' , scope: 'test' }
- { groupId: 'org.junit.platform' , artifactId: 'junit-platform-runner' , scope: 'test' }
- { groupId: 'org.mockito' , artifactId: 'mockito-core' , scope: 'test' }
build:
plugins:
- { groupId: 'org.jetbrains.kotlin' , artifactId: 'kotlin-maven-plugin' }
- { groupId: 'org.apache.maven.plugins' , artifactId: 'maven-compiler-plugin' }
- { groupId: 'org.jacoco' , artifactId: 'jacoco-maven-plugin' }Et en prime, vous savez à présent compiler du Kotlin avec Maven.
C'est parti pour un tuto de réinstallation de Linux Mint Debian Edition 2. Ce post est avant tout pour moi une sorte de gros mémo.
Installer ce qui manque
## htop - pour visualiser les processus
## gparted - pour repartitionner des disques
## tree - pour visualiser une arborescence de fichiers dans une console
## wine - pour faire les applications Windows
## filezilla - pour les accès FTP
## audacity - pour la retouche audio
sudo aptitude install htop gparted tree wine filezilla audacity
## Ajouter les tools de versionning :
sudo aptitude install mercurial git gitk git-flow git-doc git-sh git-man git-all
## Ajout de police de caractères (Microsoft pour la compatibilité avec la suite Office, Anonymous Pro pour coder et Bitstream par habitude) :
sudo aptitude install ttf-mscorefonts-installer ttf-anonymous-pro ttf-liberation ttf-bitstream-vera
Mettre à jour les kernels
## Ajouter le kernel i686 :
sudo aptitude install linux-image-686-pae linux-headers-686-pae
## Supprimer l'ancien kernel :
sudo aptitude remove linux-headers-586 linux-image-586 linux-headers-3.16.0-4-586 linux-image-3.16.0-4-586 linux-image-3.16.0-4-586 Suppression des softs inutiles
## Avahi - l'équivalent du service 'Bonjour' d'Apple mais sous Linux. Rien à péter de publier les services de ma machine sur un réseau local avec une sorte DNS/DHCP décentralisé (pas pour aller sur le net, décentralisé de votre réseau privé uniquement).
sudo aptitude remove avahi-autoipd avahi-daemon avahi-utils
## apt-xapian-index est LE paquet qui fait ramer votre Mint ; il sert principalement pour la recherche rapide dans Synaptic (recherche qui bug toujours par rapport à la recherche "normale"). Ce service tourne en tâche de fond pour tenir à jour votre cache APT avec les actions qui sont faites entre les différents outils (apt, apt-get, aptitude, etc). Perso, j'utilise aptitude du début à la fin, avoir un service qui tourne rien que pour ça est au mieux inutile au pire carrément stupide.
sudo aptitude remove apt-xapian-index
## Pulseaudio (fait double emploi avec ALSA et je ne me sers pas du lecteur audio intégré)
sudo aptitude remove pulseaudio pulseaudio-module-x11 pulseaudio-utils
## Bye bye Apache, je ne me sers plus de toi.
sudo aptitude remove apache2-bin
## Bye bye les firmware inutiles pour ma machine.
sudo aptitude remove atmel-firmware zd1211-firmware
## Un lecteur de musique dont je ne me sers pas.
sudo aptitude remove banshee
## Je ne suis pas aveugle, brltty est pour les claviers en braille, espeak est un synthétiseur vocal, speech-dispatcher sers à diffuser le son du synthétiseur.
sudo aptitude remove brltty espeak espeak-data speech-dispatcher speech-dispatcher-audio-plugins
## Bye bye le bluetooth.
sudo aptitude remove blueberry bluetooth bluez bluez-cups bluez-firmware bluez-obexd obex-data-server odbcinst odbcinst1debian2
## Bye bye Open JDK / Icedtea, perso j'utilise une version à jour d'OpenJDK / Oracle-JDK :
sudo aptitude remove ca-certificates-java default-jre default-jre-headless icedtea-7-jre-jamvm icedtea-7-plugin icedtea-netx icedtea-netx-common java-common openjdk-7-jre openjdk-7-jre-lib openjdk-7-jre-headless icedtea-plugin tzdata-java
## Bye bye CUPS (je n'utilise pas d'imprimante, le papier ça pollue) :
sudo aptitude remove cups cups-browsed cups-bsd cups-client cups-common cups-core-drivers cups-daemon cups-filters cups-filters-core-drivers cups-ppdc cups-server-common printer-driver-all printer-driver-brlaser printer-driver-c2050 printer-driver-c2esp printer-driver-cjet printer-driver-dymo printer-driver-escpr printer-driver-foo2zjs-common printer-driver-hpijs printer-driver-min12xxw printer-driver-pnm2ppa printer-driver-ptouch printer-driver-sag-gdi system-config-printer
## Bye bye tout ce qui touche à l'impression :
sudo aptitude remove hplip-data
## Bye bye duplicity, je ne fais pas de backup incrémentaux de mon poste fixe.
sudo aptitude remove duplicity
## Bye bye evolution, je ne me sers pas d'evolution et d'aucune appli l'ayant pour dépendance.
sudo aptitude remove evolution-data-server
## Je n'ai pas de partition Mac / OSX sur mon PC.
sudo aptitude remove hfsplus hfsprogs hfsutils
## Je n'ai pas de périphériques du type iBidule.
sudo aptitude remove ideviceinstaller
## Mon PC est un ordinateur de bureau pas un PC portable ni un mobile ou une clef 3G/4G
sudo aptitude remove laptop-detect pcmciautils mobile-broadband-provider-info
## Tout ce qui a été codé en .NET (désolé mais pas de soft développés avec un compilateur dont la licence est piégée).
sudo aptitude remove mono-4.0-gac mono-gac mono-runtime mono-runtime-common mono-runtime-sgen tomboy
## Mon PC fixe est connecté en câble et n'utilise pas le protocole PPTP.
sudo aptitude remove network-manager-pptp network-manager-pptp-gnome pptp-linux
## Tenir l'heure de son PC synchronisé avec internet
sudo aptitude remove ntpdate
## Bye bye les impressions dans 'le cloud' (beurk).
sudo aptitude remove openprinting-ppds
## Bye bye Pidgin, je ne chat pas.
sudo aptitude remove pidgin pidgin-data pidgin-libnotify
## Je n'ai pas de scanner
sudo aptitude remove sane-utils simple-scan
## Je ne me sers pas du partage bureautique Windows :
sudo aptitude remove samba samba-common samba-common-bin samba-dsdb-modules samba-libs smbclient
## Ma machine est une machine physique, pas une VM donc je vire les drivers virtualbox.
sudo aptitude remove virtualbox-guest-dkms virtualbox-guest-utils virtualbox-guest-x11 Les optimisations
- Optimiser les accès disque (notatime/nodiratime) & écrire les logs dans la RAM)
- Supprimer l'écriture de log par l'OS
- Swapper que lorsque la RAM est pleine
- Rendre Firefox & Thunderbird plus rapide
- Supprimer la journalisation d'EXT4
- Réduire la consommation mémoire des JVM sous Linux
Désactiver les services :
sudo update-rc.d -f cups remove
sudo update-rc.d -f samba remove
sudo update-rc.d -f samba-ad-dc remove
sudo update-rc.d -f samba-ad-dc remove
sudo update-rc.d -f virtualbox-guest-utils remove
sudo update-rc.d -f virtualbox-guest-x11 remove
sudo update-rc.d -f speech-dispatcher remove
sudo update-rc.d -f brltty remove
sudo update-rc.d -f apache2 remove
Et une petite liste d'actions manuelles :
## Supprimer le cash APT :
sudo sh -c "echo 'Dir::Cache \"\";\nDir::Cache::archives \"\";' >> /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/02nocache"Réduire le nombre de TTY :
1) sudo nano /etc/default/console-setup
# Remplacer
ACTIVE_CONSOLES="/dev/tty[1-6]"
# par
ACTIVE_CONSOLES="/dev/tty[1-1]"2) sudo nano /etc/inittab
## Remplacer ceci :
1:2345:respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty1
2:23:respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty2
3:23:respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty3
4:23:respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty4
5:23:respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty5
6:23:respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty6
## Par ceci
1:2345:respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty1
#2:23:respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty2
#3:23:respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty3
#4:23:respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty4
#5:23:respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty5
#6:23:respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty6Réduire le temps de boot de grub :
1) Ouvrir le fichier /etc/default/grub
2) Modifier la ligne GRUB_TIMEOUT=10
3) Exécuter la commande :
sudo update-grubÀ tout ceux qui me disent qu'ils veulent plus de sécurité et qu'un peu moins de liberté contre cette sécurité est légitime, nous commençons a percevoir les premiers effets.
3 an et demi et en détention pour avoir fuit l'excision... Bravo Hollande, Valls, Cazeneuve, Molina et Sodini comme le dit l'auteur. Sauf que j'ajoute ces personnes à la longue liste de ceux pour qui je ne voterai jamais.